Cognitive+Factors

According to Ulric Neisser, cognition is "all the processes by which the sensory input is transformed, reduced, elaborated, stored, recovered and used". So what happens to these functions when the parts of the brain responsible for this are damaged? Are these human aspects inherited by our parents or are they something that we can learn?
 * Examine one interaction between cognition and physiology in terms of behavior.**

One cognitive process that occurs in the brain is memory. Nobel Prize winner Eric Kandel shows through his research that learning results in the formation of a memory. New connections are formed between neurons forming neuron networks, or strengthening pre-existing physical connections. This was previously investigated by lesioning parts of the brains of rats while they perform a task. When the rats were incapable of completing the task anymore the lesioning is stopped, showing how brain trauma can effect cognition. In humans this can only be studied by people who have pre existing brain damage, and it has been found that different areas of the brain are responsible for, for example, factual information, or how someone knows to ride a bicycle. The hippocampus, plays a very important role in the formation of explicit memories. A type of physiological interaction with cognition is amnesia. Amnesia is the physiologic aspect and memory as cognition. Amnesia can then be divided into two different types; retrograde amnesia, which is when memories before the onset of amnesia are forgotten but new memories can be formed after. The second type of amnesia is anterograde, which is when new memories are unable to be formed. According to Baddeley memory can be defined as "an active system which receives information from the senses, organises and alters it, and stores it away, and then retrieves the information from storage." HM was a man who has a severe case of epilepsy made him subject to violent seizures. To stop these, HM underwent experimental surgery where the doctors ended up removing his  hippocampus.  HM had functional working memory, he was able to retain information as long as he was working with it. His explicit memories were impaired but his implicit memories were still in tact. media type="custom" key="23915094" align="center" An example of Anterograde amnesia is Clive Wearing. media type="custom" key="23915136"

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